Spacing varies with potato variety, soil type, amount of moisture available, fertility and the amount of fertilizer applied, and potato size desired. Crops grown in heavy clay loams produce irregular shaped tubers. Ordinarily, 16 to 20 square feet of bed surface will be needed for each bushel. Field or site selection soil characteristics one of the most important steps in sweet potato production is selecting the right soil based on the following characteristics.
Sweet potato diseases in ethiopia, and elsewhere in sub saharan africa, are often transmitted. Moisture and temperature conditions may trigger certain diseases, which will spread rapidly through the potato rows. If you are unsure about weevils in your area, contact your county extension agent or the state department of agriculture. Low in calories a medium sweet potato 2 inches in diameter and 5 inches in length baked in its skin is only 103 calories. Feathery mottle virus symptoms russet crack strain on.
To start them at home, suspend a healthy root pointed end up with. Pdf on aug 2, 2014, lynn brandenberger and others published sweet potato production find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Sweet potato roots do not experience dormancy but tend to produce new shoots at the stem end of the root figure 1. Slip suppliers kansas state slips are good but they are flakey. Smallscale technology and practices for sweet potato growing in southeast oklahoma 3 w e found several advantages to growing sweet potatoes on planting ridges as opposed to flatplanting, especially in wet years when waterlogging and diseases might become an issue. Sweet potato diseases and pests, description, uses. The sweet potato plant is a spreading vine that performs best on lighter textured soils. The sweet potato stem borer larvae will bore into the stem of the sweet potato and feed in the crown area. Sweet potato ipomoea batatas l lam yields currently stand at 4. Slip sources i currently purchase sweet potato slips.
A trade name amount of producta moa code weeds controlled remarks carfentrazone up to 0. Martins effect of age of planting material onyields of sweet potato from cuttings, tropical root and tuber crops newsletter 15. Sweet potato centennial, georgia jet, jewel, porto rico, vardaman. The sweet potato ipomoea batatas was domesticated in central and. After planting, clear plastic tunnels are placed over the beds.
Use only certified seed or seed known to be free of virus diseases. Agricultural service sweetpotatoes fruit and vegetable. Diseases and pathogens of sweet potato and their management 65 viral diseases 66 sweetpotato feathery mottle virus spfmv aphidtransmitted potyvirus 66 page sweetpotato sunken vein virus spsvv whiteflytransmitted closterovirus 68 sweetpotato virus disease spvd 69. Diseases and pathogens of sweetpotato and their management 65 viral diseases 66 sweetpotato feathery mottle virus spfmv aphidtransmitted potyvirus 66 page sweetpotato sunken vein virus spsvv whiteflytransmitted closterovirus 68 sweetpotato virus disease spvd 69. The terms sweet potato and yam are often used interchangeably. Bacterial diseases, diseases, nutritional disorders, pests, sweetpotato. Sweetpotato is north carolinas top vegetable crop and the official state vegetable. Sweet potatoes university of the district of columbia. Martin advanced the understanding of sweet potato diseases. Diseases of sweet potatoes are divisible into two classes, 1 field troubles, and 2 storage rots. Use of tubers is the best method for potato production. Sweet potato diseases and their control international society for. It is confirmed that spcsv enhances the accumulation of spfmv.
However, some are grown in northeastern north carolina near edenton. Insects such as leafhopper and psyllids cause injuries to the potato that are often confused with diseases caused by infectious organisms. Some carbs may have a bad rep, but these taters are made of complex carbohydrates a. Sweet potatoes are grown from slips, which are plant sprouts from the root.
Planting time is assumed to be 308 manhours per acre, which includes a 10 man crew and a foreman. Sweet potatoes can fall victim to several different pests and diseases. It is also not tolerant to water logging which can cause tuber rot. Age of cultivars varieties cutting means months gem miguela chipper bonara for ages tuber weight per plant kg 2 1. He further found that circular spot was caused by sclerotium rolfsii and helped determine the etiology of bacterial root and stem rot, caused by erwinia chrysanthemi. Sweet potato diseases and common name of fungicidal controls disease fungicide omri listed fungicide leaf spots clove, rosemary and thyme oil, neem oil, sulfur nematodes 1,3dichloropropene, chloropicrin, ethoprop, metampotassium, metamsodium, sesame oil, aldicarb azadirachtin scurf and black rot dcna dicloran, thiabendazole. Since reducing the prevalence of chronic diseases is of public health concern, promoting the consumption of sweet potato leaves warrants further. Sepae ffii t ss li b aet sweet potato v epar brief.
Field troubles are divisible into root and stem diseases and leaf diseases. Certified seed will produce 15 20% higher yields than standard seed. The plant has enlarged roots called tubers which act as an energy store for the plant. Control strategies for sweet potato virus disease in africa. Sweet potatoes are usually started from young plants, called slips, that are grown from the root. Approximately 50% of the nations supply of sweetpotato is produced in north carolina. The forklift operator drives both the truck and the forklift. The most common are rhizopus soft rot rhizopus stolonifer, bacterial soft rot erwinia chrysanthemii, fusarium root rot fusarium solani, fusarium surface rot fusarium oxysporum, and black rot ceratocystis fimbriata. Keep in mind sweet potatoes grow best in soil with a ph of 5.
Research has affirmed the potential cardioprotective and chemopreventive advantages of consuming sweet potato leaves, thus indicating that increased consumption of this vegetable should be advocated. The weather plays a big part in the health of a potato crop. It incorporates new information on good agricultural practices gaps and packing line sanitation and configurations, and the results of an indepth packing line survey. Root and stem diseases include stemrot, blackrot, footrot, scurf, and rootrot. Fairly clean means that the individual sweet potato is not caked with dirt and that dirt or other foreign matter does not materially detract from the general appearance of the lot. The symptoms are sever stunting of infected plants, stunting, distorted and chlorotic mottle or vein clearing of the leaves. Product detail compendium of sweetpotato dis, pests. Other leading states include louisiana, california, and mississippi. I have grown my own slips, but do not do so any longer. He was the first to demonstrate that soil rot of sweet potato was caused by streptomyces ipomoeae. Eb 23e field guide to sweet cherry diseases in washington by kenneth c.
Sweet potatoes are usually bedded about seven weeks before fieldsetting time. Slips can usually be purchased from garden centers or seed catalogs. Some of the common pests affecting sweet potatoes include the sweet potato stem borer and the white grub. A medium sweet potato baked in its skin is only about 100 calories, making sweet potatoes an ideal food for weight management. Dry yellowfleshed dry sweet potatoes have palecolored flesh and are low in moisture. Smallscale technology and practices for sweet potato growing. The sweet potato plant is a branching, creeeping vine with spirally arranged lobed, heart shaped leaves and white or lavender flowers. Sweet potato virus disease is a disease complex caused by two viruses. Pests, diseases and crop protection practices in the smallholder.
Sweet potato virus disease spvd, caused by dual infection with the whiteflyborne sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus and the aphidborne sweet potato feathery mottle virus, is the most serious disease of sweet potato in africa. The cooperation of commercial producers and home gardeners to control diseases of great concern, such as late blight, is essential. Compendium of sweetpotato diseases, pests, and disorders, second edition arrives as sweetpotato production is increasing dramatically in the united states. Varieties of sweet potatoes there are two basic types of sweet potato. Antioxidants help reduce your risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Cultivating sweet potato cutting production sweet potatoes are vegetatively propagated with sprouts slips or cuttings taken from seed beds, which are then planted for the production of the commercial crop. Potato diseases are caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas, a viroid, nematode m festations, and by abiotic, or noninfectious, entities. Sweet potato, ipomoea batatas, is an herbaceous perennial in the family convolvulaceae grown for its edible storage roots. Sweet potatoes should be cured for seven to 10 days at 85of. Pdf since the introduction of sweet potato ipomoea batatas l.
Sweetpotatoes are grown primarily in the coastal plain of eastern north carolina. Department of agriculture farmers bulletin 1881, potato diseases and their control, issued october 1941, and revised february 1948. British potato council, 4300 nash court, john smith drive, oxford business park south, oxford ox4 2rt tel. Sweet potato certification chapter 008063 rule 008063. Larvae and adult beetles feed on storage roots that have been damaged by other insects eg sweetpotato weevil or disease. Most of the sweet potato varieties grown in east africa have white or cream colored flesh. Sweet potatoes gained some popularity as a lowercarb potato in the early 2000s. More consumer familiarity with fresh sweet potatoes and increases in sweet potato fry consumption contribute to the increase. Potatoes should be stored at 55of to 60of, and at 85% 90% relative humidity. The common english name for this crop is spelled sweet potato or sweetpotato.
The forgot to send our order in 2015, sent way to few slips in 2014 and then way over sent replacements. Conversely, many openpollinated cultivars have stood the test of time in maryland gardens and will come true when grown from seed saved from the previous crop. Antioxidants sweet potatoes are high in antioxidants compared to other vegetables. Narrow bands around the storage root, symptomatic of sweet potato feathery mottle virus top. Sweet potatoes are susceptible to a number of diseases during the postharvest storage period and during shipping. Spvd has been known there since at least the 1940s although it took several decades to elucidate its aetiology.
The vegetative method of propagating sweet potatoes is an aspect of sweet potato culture that a enhances destructive effects of pathogens to that host and b plays an important role in. This article is a list of diseases of the sweet potato, ipomoea batatas. You may have a disease problem in the potato patch one year and none at all the next. Sweet potato fusarium wilt bacterial wilt storage root fusarium solani. The use of diseasefree mother roots treated with a recommended fungicide and planted in noninfested soils assures a black rotfree crop of sweet potatoes. Provide protection for harvested tubers from sunscald, heating or desiccation by tarping loads if exposed for more than several hours. Lam to papua new guinea png some 400 year ago, the crop has. Sweetpotato beetle 27 sweetpotato leafminer 28 sweetpotato tortoise beetle 29 weevil sweetpotato 30 weevil west indian 32 weevil whitefringed 33 wireworm false 34 wireworm true 35 diseases alternaria leaf spot 38 bacterial soft rot 39 dry rot 40 fusarium root rot 41 fusarium wilt 42 little leaf 43 pox 44 scab 45 scurf 46.
Now, with the usdas blessing, school meals are held to. Seed potatoes are an important crop in montana and are a crucial quality seed source for potato production across the united states. Sweet potatoes are coldsensitive and are planted after all danger of frost has passed. Pests, diseases and disorders of sweetpotato applied. Curing allows a natural healing process to take place. The crop is sensitive to drought at tuber initiation stage 5060 days after planting. Water your sweet potato plants weekly since a regular watering schedule will help prevent the sweet potato skin from splitting. High quality tubers are best produced on fertile, well drained, sandy loams. Also included are plans and operating recommendations for a moderatesized sweetpotato curing and storage facility with negative horizontal. Accoiding to irfth, columbus discovered the sweet potato in cuba on his iiist voyage. Add eggs and sweet potato to cheese sauce, and then mix pasta transfer to casserole dish, cover with breadcrumbs, and bake for. Montana is one of the top five seed potato producing states. Planting periods in zimbabwe summer rain fed november first winterfeb april.